Most importantly, future treatment strategies to achieve cure of disease and new biomarkers are discussed. A number of blood tests are available to diagnose and monitor people with hepatitis b. Vaccination to prevent hepatitis b should be considered for all international travelers, regardless of destination. An infected woman can give hepatitis b to her baby at birth. Hepatitis b is a disease caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv, discovered in 1965 by baruch blumberg at the national institutes of health. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources. Minnesota evidencebased practice center, minneapolis, minnesota investigators timothy j. For some people, hepatitis b infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Hepatitis b easl guidelines easlthe home of hepatology. Hepatitis b is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv that affects the liver. Clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis british. Download the easl guidelines for hepatitis b as pdf. An estimated 2 million people in the united states are chronically infected with the hepatitis b virus.
Deltavirus d requires the presence of hepatitis b virus hbv infection. May 23, 2017 hepatitis b virus hbv is a hepadnavirus, highly resistant to extremes of temperature and humidity, that invades the hepatocytes. Reaching all children with at least 3 doses of hepatitis b vaccine should be the standard for all national immunization programmes. The many millions of people around the world who become hbv carriers are a constant source. Mar 28, 2011 this is an informative presentation on hepatitis. Serological tests allow precise diagnosis of acute hepatitis a and b and should be used more widely, because viral hepatitis is oftendiagnosed when jaundice is caused by other conditions. The goal of the texas perinatal hepatitis b summit is to bring those with information and expertise on this issue together to share, discuss, and recommend strategies to prevent and decrease the incidence of hepatitis b transmission, and improve the care of those at risk for perinatal hepatitis b. Hepatitis b articles case reports symptoms treatment, mexico. The likelihood of developing chb is related to the age at which. Whoeurope presentation on viral hepatitis powerpoint 20. Hepatitis b virus hbv is a hepadnavirus, highly resistant to extremes of temperature and humidity, that invades the hepatocytes. The risk of perinatal hbv infection among infants born to mothers already infected with hbv ranges from 10% to 85%. Hepatitis b vaccination and hepatitis b immune because there is a high risk of acquiring hbv from a needlestick injury, health care profession.
Customized infographic directions pdf icon pdf 443 kb hepatitis b and a healthy baby. This 30 second psa highlights the importance of taking care of your liver by getting tested for hepatitis b. Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the. This presentation is intended for educational use only, and does not in any way constitute medical consultation or advice related to any specific patient. Hepatitis b coinfection cooccurring conditions national. Summaryofkeypoints whopositionpaperonvaccines against. If acute hbv is suspected through recent risk, presentation, or both. One way to transmit hepatitis b virus hbv is from mother to infant during birth perinatal transmission. This audiovisual presentation explains why infants need to get the hepatitis b vaccine if their mother has hepatitis b. The likelihood that a person develops a chronic infection depends on the age at which someone becomes infected. The virus consists of a nucleocapsid and an outer envelope composed mainly of three hepatitis b surface antigens hbsags that play a central role in the diagnosis of hbv infection. In acute infection, some may develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine and abdominal pain. Most people do not experience any symptoms during the acute infection phase. Acute hepatitis c virus hcv infection becomes chronic in 70% of patients, which represents a high rate of chronicity for a viral infection.
This presentation is available in english, chinese, vietnamese, korean, hmong and taglish, and allows participants to read and listen along to the presentation. The incubation period is 16 months in the acute phase of hepatitis b infection. Combination hepatitis b adult dose and hepatitis a vaccine pediatric dose schedule. Hepatitis b is a leading cause of liver cancer among asian americans but most people with hepatitis b dont know they are infected. Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the community. Having chronic hepatitis b increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis a condition that permanently scars of the liver. Hepatitis b is a serious viral disease of the liver transmitted through parenteral or mucosal exposure to the blood or body fluids semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva of an infected person. Dec 18, 2011 consequences of hepatitis b and delta virus infection figure 6615. Causes, symptoms, and treatment medical news today. Department of health and human services 540 gaither road rockville, md 20850. Hepatitis b virus is not related to the hepatitis a virus or the hepatitis c virus some people with hepatitis b never clear the virus and are chronically infected.
Millions of people worldwide are infected through unprotected sexual contact, hematogenous spread, or maternalfetal transmission. Chronic hepatitis b chb infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc. Engerixb is indicated for immunization against infection. Hepatitis b refers to a shortterm infection that occurs within. Table 3 factors in the disease outcome with chronic hepatitis b 10. Hepatitis a is a common viral illness worldwide, although the inci dence in the united states has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis b infection focuses on the detection of the hepatitis b surface antigen hbsag. Chronic hepatitis b virus hbv is the ninth leading cause of death, with approximately 300 million chronic carriers of hbv worldwide. Aetiological workup for liver disease revealed positive hepatitis b surface antigen, negative hepatitis c virus and hiv antibodies.
Hepatitis b is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Unusual cases of hepatitis b virus transmission in the community o ne reason some parents dont vaccinate their children against the hepatitis b virus hbv is their belief that their child has no risk of ever coming in contact with the virus. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Hepatitis b is a serious and common infectious diseases of the liver, affecting millions of people throughout the world. Hypothetical course of immunopathogenesis of hepatitis b virus hbv. Hepatitis b is a potentially lifethreatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. Investigating acute viral hepatitis with healthcare exposures. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. The incubation period of hepatitis b virus ranges from 6 weeks to 6 months, with average of 120 days. Abstract hepatitis b virus hbv infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does. Hepatitis b is the only sexually transmitted infection for which there is a protective vaccine. Hepatitis ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. The hepatitis b virus is a dna virus belonging to the hepadnaviridae family of viruses. Hepatitis b training presentation for health workers. Consequences of hepatitis b and delta virus infection figure 6615. It can cause scarring of the organ, liver failure, and cancer. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. They also allow diagnosis when viral hepatitis has an atypical presentation, and is thus not considered as the cause of the liver disease. However, 90% of infants, 20% of older children, and 5% of adults develop a chronic infection. Hepatitis a transmission occurs most often via contaminated food. Most patients with chronic hepatitis c are asymptomatic or may have nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue or malaise in the absence of hepatic synthetic dysfunction.
Hepatitis b is a worldwide healthcare problem, especially in developing areas. Brief introduction to hepatitis b for parents of adopted children. An estimated one third of the global population has been. Hepatitis b spreads by contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or other body fluid. Hepatitis b virus hbvdna level was 200 000 copiesml. The severe pathological consequences of persistent hbv infections include the development of chronic hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis and hepato cellular carcinoma hcc. The designations employed and the presentation of the information in this document. They are very microscopic, you need a very enhanced microscope to even see a glance of them here are some photos of hepatitis on food. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Approximately 2 billion individuals in the world have evidence of past or present hepatitis b, and 1. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. The viral genome is a partially doublestranded, circular dna linked to a dna polymerase that is surrounded by an icosahedral nucleocapsid and. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses.
C reactive peptide, lipid profile and thyroid profile were normal. I have been a type 2 diabetic sufferer for many years. Engerixb hepatitis b vaccine recombinant injectable suspension, for intramuscular use initial u. This presentation is available in english, chinese, vietnamese, korean, hmong and taglish, and allows participants to read and listen. Hepatitis b and hepatitis c transmission require contact with infected bodily fluids or blood. Hepatitis b is a highly prevalent disease with 350 million chronic cases worldwide1 and more than 4,000 incident cases in the united states in 2006. Who library cataloguinginpublication data guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis b infection.
Hepatitisrelated mortality, 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 hav hbv hcv hev x hcc cirrhosis acute gbd 20 mortality and causes of death study. Hepatitis symptoms may not appear for weeks to months after infection. One type, hepatitis b, is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. My child will never be promiscuous or addicted to drugs.
Acute hbv infection is characterized by the presence of hbsag and immunoglobulin m igm antibody to the core antigen, hbcag. Updates on hepatitis b and c treatment guidelines and. Presentation on viral hepatitis powerpoint 20 download. In other cases, your body mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the liver. Perinatal hepatitis b new york state department of health.
Most adults recover within 90 days and have lifelong immunity. Hepatitis b and c each is estimated to affect up to 2% of the population in the region. Hepatitis b can be a serious liver disease that results from infection with the hepatitis b virus. Updates on hepatitis b and c treatment guidelines and overview of hepatitis treatment landscape philippa easterbrook. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic, but patients with anicteric hepatitis have a greater tendency to develop chronic hepatitis. Oct 19, 2017 chest xray, echocardiography and ecg were unrevealing. Whoeurope presentation on viral hepatitis powerpoint. Investigating acute viral hepatitis with healthcare exposures healthcareassociated infections program zoe langdon, mph healthcareassociated infections hai program. Chest xray, echocardiography and ecg were unrevealing.
The vaccine is administered either as a 2dose series on a 0 and 1month schedule for heplisavb or a 3dose series on a 0, 1, and 6month schedule for. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. The only way to know if you have hepatitis b is to get tested. Anicteric hepatitis is the predominant form of expression for this disease. Up to 90% of infants infected with the hepatitis b virus will develop a chronic infection. Superinfection of a person already infected with hbv carrier causes more rapid, severe progression than coinfection shorter arrow. Hepatitis b vaccines and hepatitis a vaccines are available. Hepatitis b is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. The viral genome is a partially doublestranded, circular dna linked to a dna polymerase that is surrounded by an icosahedral nucleocapsid and then by a lipid envelope. Robbie ferrand here are some pictures of the hepatitis virus up close. The content in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by hrsa, hhs, or the u. The incubation period of hepatitis b virus ranges from 6. The guideline draft was presented to casl leadership and ammi for. Hepatitis b virus hbv is a small dna virus and belongs to a group of hepatotropic dna viruses hepadnaviruses1,2.
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